Barrett’s Oesophagus: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
What is Barrett’s Oesophagus?
Barrett’s oesophagus (BE) is a condition often associated with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD), affecting the lining of the oesophagus. It is the only known precursor to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (cancer).
BE develops when metaplastic columnar mucosa replaces the normal squamous epithelium of the oesophagus, typically in response to damage caused by chronic acid reflux (GORD).
What Symptoms May Be Present?
Many patients with Barrett’s oesophagus may have no obvious symptoms. When symptoms occur, they are usually related to underlying GORD or progression of the condition, such as lesion formation. Common symptoms include:
Persistent heartburn or acid reflux
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
Chest discomfort or pain
Unexplained regurgitation
How is Barrett’s Oesophagus Diagnosed or Screened?
Diagnosis is typically made using a gastroscopy (upper endoscopy) performed by a gastroenterologist. During the procedure:
The patient is usually sedated for comfort
A thin, flexible tube with a camera (gastroscope) is inserted to examine the inside of the oesophagus
Biopsies may be taken to confirm abnormal changes
This allows your specialist to assess the lining, detect early changes, and guide management.
Treatment & Management Options
Treatment focuses on reducing acid reflux and monitoring changes. Key strategies include:
Lifestyle modifications – weight management, diet changes, and avoiding smoking or alcohol
Medications – proton pump inhibitors or other acid-suppressing drugs to control reflux
Surveillance – regular endoscopic monitoring based on the length of the affected oesophageal segment and biopsy results
Endoscopic or surgical interventions – considered in cases of progression, discussed with your gastroenterologist
Effective management can reduce symptoms, prevent progression, and maintain digestive health.
Why Early Detection Matters
Barrett’s oesophagus can progress to oesophageal cancer in stages. Early detection and regular surveillance allow timely treatment and significantly reduce cancer risk.
Patients with long-term reflux or persistent heartburn should consult a doctor for assessment and possible gastroscopy screening.
Authored by Dr Walid Abu Shawish MBBS(Hons) BPharm(Hons) PGCertClinPharm FRACP.
Windsor, Melbourne Located Private Gastroenterologist & Advanced Endoscopist. For referral or contact information click here.