Colonic Polyps: What They Are and Why Early Detection Matters
What are colonic polyps?
Colonic polyps are small growths that develop on the inner lining of the large intestine (colon). They are more common in adults over 50. Most polyps are benign, but some can slowly change into cancer over time. Detecting and removing them early can prevent bowel cancer.
How are polyps detected?
Polyps are most often found during a colonoscopy, a procedure where a thin, flexible camera is passed through the colon. The gastroenterologist can see the lining of the bowel in real time and remove any polyps during the same procedure. Early detection through colonoscopy is an effective way to prevent bowel cancer.
Are there types of colonic polyps?
There are a few main types of polyps:
• Adenomatous (adenomas): The most common type that can become cancerous over time.
• Hyperplastic polyps: Usually small and low risk.
• Serrated polyps: Some can carry a higher risk if not removed.
Your gastroenterologist will identify the type during examination and send the polyp(s) for microscopic examination after removal for confirmation.
A there symptoms for colonic polyps?
Many people with polyps have no symptoms, which is why screening is important. When symptoms do appear, it may mean that a polyp has grown larger or developed further. Symptoms may include:
• Blood in the stool
• Changes in bowel habits
• Unexplained anaemia or fatigue
If you notice these symptoms, speak to your doctor about whether a colonoscopy is appropriate.
Why removing polyps is important
Most bowel cancers begin as benign polyps. Removing them early interrupts this process, significantly reducing your lifetime risk of bowel cancer. Regular surveillance colonoscopies may also be recommended depending on your findings and family history.
When should I be screened?
Bowel screening is simple, free, and can be done in the comfort of your own home.
If you’re aged 45 to 74, you’re eligible to take part in Australia’s National Bowel Cancer Screening Program. Some people may need to start screening earlier based on their personal or family medical history — your doctor can advise you if this applies to you.
The screening test helps detect early signs of bowel cancer, when treatment is most effective. When found early, more than 90% of bowel cancer cases can be successfully treated.
Eligible Australians receive a free test kit every two years. The Australian Government recently lowered the starting age from 50 to 45, meaning people aged 45 to 49 can now request a free kit to be mailed directly to them.
The test, known as a faecal occult blood test (FOBT), checks for tiny, invisible traces of blood in your stool — an early warning sign of bowel cancer.
Authored by Dr Walid Abu Shawish MBBS(Hons) BPharm(Hons) PGCertClinPharm FRACP
Gastroenterologist & Advanced Endoscopist. For contact information click here.